No products in the basket.
Health-care challenges posed by Thailand’s ageing population
Shrinking fertility rates and longer lives are changing the demographic landscape of countries worldwide, challenging not only the way we think about how to fund care for older people, but attitudes to ageing itself.
According to Viroj Tangcharoensathien, senior adviser of Thailand’s International Health Policy Programme, at the present time, just under 11% of the Thai population is over 60 years of age and the trend is rapidly rising.
The population of Thailand is getting old
“The proportion of older persons in the total population is expected to reach 14% in 2015, 19.8% in 2025 and nearly 30% by 2050,” he says.
Driving the trend is a combination of falling fertility rates (thanks in part to government provision of family planning services) and improvements in health especially of women and infants.
“In a way we are the victims of our own success,” says Tangcharoensathien, noting that contraception prevalence has jumped from 15% in 1970 to around 80% at present, while life expectancy has risen from 56.2 and 51.9 years for women and men respectively in the mid 1960s to around 75.7/69.9 years today.
So in what way is Thailand a victim? After all, as John Beard, director of WHO’s Department of Ageing and Life Course, points out, Thailand’s success story is a cause for celebration:
“We are basically seeing more children surviving childhood and more women surviving childbirth but also getting more control over their fertility,” he says.
But while that is certainly true, Thailand’s ageing population also represents an enormous challenge.
And Thailand is not the only victim of success, a fact confirmed by a recent report submitted to the United Nations Human Rights Council stating that the 60-years-and-plus population is the fastest growing of all demographic segments.
The report, submitted by Anand Grover, special rapporteur on the right to the highest standard of mental and physical health, in July last year states that by 2050 one in five people will join their ranks and that the 60-years-and-plus group will number around one billion by the end of the decade.
And while we tend to think of shrinking birth rates and ageing populations as mainly an issue for high-income countries, as the United Nations report points out, this demographic shift is now being felt most acutely in developing countries, particularly in Asia, where more than half of the world’s over-60s (400 million) currently reside.
“The demographic changes being experienced by low- and middle-income countries today are happening much more quickly than was the case for Europe and North America,” Beard says,
noting that in the past 10 years or so a number of Asian countries, including China, Indonesia, Japan, Myanmar, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam have seen fertility rates drop below the total fertility rates recorded in European countries, and in many instances close to or below the level needed to replace their populations.
The increasingly large number of older people – aged 60 years and plus – is thus dependent on a proportionately shrinking resource, that is on younger people and, in particular, younger relatives.
In Thailand, for example, as in many other developing countries, children are by far the most common source of income for the older people, and expectations of filial support in old age are shared widely by the current generation of adults.
Given the importance of family for providing or helping with long-term care for the elderly, and the fact that as a resource this is rapidly shrinking, what can governments do to avoid a catastrophic break-down in elder care in the coming decades?
In Thailand, the government has taken a number of steps at the national level to direct more resources into supporting older people, including the launch of a National Pension Fund in March 2011.
The hope is that the expansion of the retirement pension among insured workers under the social security system and savers under a planned National Savings Scheme will be enough to counterbalance the likely loss of filial support. Judging by the experience of other countries, such schemes alone may not be sufficient.
So what is to be done? For Beard, what is needed is a fundamental rethinking of our attitudes to older people, particularly the notion that older people constitute a “social burden”. Beard would like to see a refocusing on the continuing contribution of older people to society, as part of what WHO calls an ‘active ageing’ approach, one of the key components of which is maintaining good health beyond 60. While access to primary health care is crucial in maintaining good health into older age, adopting healthy living practices throughout life is just as important.Healthy living for older people is a core aspect
Source: WHO | The health-care challenges posed by population ageing
Discover more from Thailand Business News
Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.
